The first year is a crucial time of development of your child’s feet, during this period they will grow to approximately ½ the full adult length and width. So it is important that any observed abnormalities be referred to a suitably qualified health professional as problems noticed at birth will not always resolve. It is recommended that these problems be assessed before the infant begins walking
As carer for an infant you can assist normal development by some recommended methods
(1) Ensure that bed covers are loose enough to allow for normal movement
(2) Exercising – kicking prepares the legs for weight bearing and walking
(3) Alter the baby’s position frequently so legs and feet are not put under excessive and continuous pressure
WHAT IS NORMAL?
At the time of birth the baby’s legs will have a bow-legged appearance, this is normal and should disappear by the time the child reaches 2 years of age.
All babies have the appearance of “flat feet” during the first few months, this is due to the presence of a fatty pad within the arch, the arch is developing as muscles and bones strengthen so that it will develop till properly formed at about the age of 3.
WHAT IS ABNORMAL?
The position of the fetus in the womb can cause pressures on the feet,
this may cause a baby to be born with its feet turned inward; this is may
cause misalignment of the metatarsal bones and/or contraction of
tendons and muscles. This is known as Metatarsus Adductus.
While severe forms of this condition are usually recognized immediately
after birth, it may not be until your infant starts standing (8 – 12 months)
that a less severe form of the condition is noticed due to in-toed shape
and awkwardness on standing or stepping.
Early recognition may be corrected with stretching and manipulation, modification of sleepinghabits or specialised booties.
An overriding 2nd digit is a common condition, especially in pre-walkers, it may correct itself as the infant begins to walk but it is advisable to seek professional assessment for this condition as if unresolved, future footwear fitting may be a problem. Early intervention can include taping or splinting.
An overriding 5th digit, is generally congenital and generally no treatment is required though future considerations can be corns or callous that will need ongoing attention.
SHOULD THEY BE WEARING FOOTWEAR NOW?
When your toddler begins to walk shoes are not necessary indoors; in fact walking barefoot (or in socks) helps develop muscle strength as toes grasp the ground also it assists in normal foot development.
When walking outside feet need to be protected, so shoes that are light and flexible and are made of natural fibres are recommended.
It is not advisable for toddlers to walk barefoot outdoors as this exposes feet to cuts, contusions, also to viruses such as plantar warts.
